Define 'mole fraction'
Ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles in a mixture
Define 'electronegativity'
Tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons
Define 'Charles’s law'
Volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure
Define 'effusion'
Process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
Define 'ideal gas law'
pee vee equals NRT -- relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of a gas
Define 'ligand'
Ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex
Define 'activation energy'
Minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur
Define 'heat capacity'
Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius
Define 'anode'
Electrode where oxidation occurs
Define 'Heisenberg uncertainty principle'
It's impossible to know both the velocity and position of an electron simultaneously
Define 'metallic bond'
Bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons in the metal
Define 'mass spectrometry'
Technique used to determine the mass and composition of molecules
Define 'isotopes'
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Define 'lewis base'
Electron pair donor
Define 'enthalpy'
Heat content of a system at constant pressure
Define 'orbital'
Region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Define 'buffer solution'
Solution that resists changes in pH when acid or base is added
Define 'amphoteric substance'
Substance that can act as both an acid and a base
Define 'dipole-dipole interactions'
Attractive forces between polar molecules
Define 'galvanic cell'
Electrochemical cell that derives electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions
Define 'lewis acid'
Electron pair acceptor
Define 'buffer capacity'
Measure of a buffer's ability to resist changes in pH
Define 'distillation'
Process of separating components of a mixture based on differences in boiling points
Define 'exothermic process'
Reaction that releases heat to the surroundings
Define 'molarity'
Moles of solute per liter of solution